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Business Cycle
Prosperity – 1920s Recession (End of 1920) Depression 1930’s Recovery 1939/WWII
High Sales | Decreasing Sales | Low Sales | Increasing Sales |
High Wages | Decreasing Wages | Low Wages | Increasing Wages |
High Prices | Decreasing Prices | Low Prices | Increasing Prices |
High Production | Decreasing Production | Low Production | Increasing Production |
High Profits | Decreasing Profits | Low Profits | Increasing Profits |
Low Failures | Increasing Failures | High Failures | Decreasing Failure |
High Demands | Decreasing Demands | Low Demands | Increasing Demands |
Low Strikes | Increasing Strikes | Low Strikes | Decreasing Strikes |
Low Unemployment | Increasing Unemployment | Very High Unemployment | Decreasing Unemployment |
Causes of the Great Depression
Easy Credit – very easy to borrow money in the ‘20’s; borrowed more than they could play back People living beyond their needs
Lack of Financial Regulations – Not enough rules and controls to regulate banks; was very little protection for depositors Banks lost people’s money/ Banks were not protecting their customer’s interests
Dependence on U.S. Economy – we relied on U.S. economy; they go up we go up vice-versa
Dependence on export market – We exported lots of goods (wheat’s, grains, and crops, lumber) and other countries couldn’t afford to buy from us think supply and demand. If US stop buying than Canadian economy goes down
Decrease in demand for Canadian exports – oversupply of wheat decreased demand over production caused prices to deflate
“Isolationist” economies – many countries tried to protect themselves by charging high taxes on imports; Canada’s export market suffered. Countries taxed other countries so you would only by Canadian
What was life like during the great depression?
- No Work
- Stealing
- Hard labour
- Starvation
- No Gov’t social welfare programs
- Lots of unemployment
The Allies | The Axis Powers |
Britain | Japan |
Canada | Italy |
New Zealand | Germany |
Australia | |
Russian (1941) | |
United States (1941) | |
- William Mackenzie King was the PM during WWII
Dictators Studied in this Unit:
Italy: Benito Mussolini (Fascist/HATES COMMUNISTS)
- Wanted Italy to be a conquering nation like Ancient Rome
- Followers were called black-shirts
Russia: Joseph Stalin (communist)
- Killed/imprisoned prison camps in Serbia in Gulags
- Killed 20 million people in power
Japan: Emperor Hirohito
- Took control of the Japanese army known as samurai
- Wanted a vast pacific empire for Japan
Spain: Francisco Franco (Fascist)
- Friends with Hitler/Mussolini
- Leader from 1939 – 1975
Germany: Adolf Hitler
- Fought in WWI
- Wanted revenge on those who stabbed Germany in the back by signing the Treaty of Versailles
- Hitler blamed Jews for Germanys problems
- After WWI Hitler becomes leader of the Nationalist socialist German Workers Party (NAZI) party
How do dictators control the population?
- Terror – do what I want/say or I will torture/kill family
- Propaganda – dictator tried to get people to think a certain way
- Hate – called scapegoats (Hitler blamed Jews)
Background Causes to WWII
Poverty – Europe had to be rebuilt after WWI
- Germany experienced a more severe depression than other countries
- 1932 Half of Germany’s population is unemployed
Fear – Was fear that minority groups living in new countries would want independence & therefore cause trouble
Hatred – Germany had been humiliated by the Treaty of Versailles
- Hitler used this hate to bring together (rally) the German Nation
Broken Hope – People in Europe lost faith in old leadership styles and people turned to new leaders who promised to act quickly and get results
Definitions:
SS The soldiers that were responsible for punishing the Jews.
Propaganda: Text that uses false or misleading information to present a slanted point
of view
Communism: Country CAN be ruled by a dictator. No private ownership
Fascism: Country is ruled by dictator. Yes private ownership
Swastika: Symbol of the Nazi party
Treaty of Versailles: Treaty enacted to make sure war never happens again and heavily hurts Germany.
Swing Kid:were a group of jazz and Swing lovers in Germany of the 1930s
Gestapo: Hitler’s special “terror” police.
SS: Hitler’s special army, responsibly for killing Jews
Dieppe: Battled that was failed by the Canadians and most Canadians died in this battle.
D-day: This is where Allies attack Normandy. Canada goes through Juno beach. Due to this Hitler is fighting a war on both sides.
Appeasement: Soothe or satisfy other people’s wants.
RAF: British Air force (Royal Air Force)
Radar: Uses electromagnetic waves reflected from ships, aircrafts, coasts, and other objects which is picked up by the radar unit and converted to images on a screen.
Rationing: Controlled distribution of stuff
Holocaust: the mass murder of Jews under the German Nazi regime from 1941 until 1945
League of Nations: was formed after World War I to try to prevent future wars between nations and "make the world safe for democracy." The United States never joined the organization and it lost all credibility as the world moved toward World War II.
Blitzkrieg: Using lightning warfare. To attack using all your weapons at once to overwhelm the enemy.
Pearl Harbour: Place where Japanese first attacked America.
Internment: Imprisonment in a detention camp, especially during war.
Anti – Semitism: Hatred against the Jews
Scapegoats
Atomic Bomb:
- Was formed by splitting the nuclei of uranium or plutonium atoms (E=MC2)
- Produces glowing ball of fire (mushroom cloud) which can reach over millions of degrees
- Dirt is sucked up into fire ball. Dirt is coated with radioactive material
- Truman asked for Japan to surrender. August 6, 1945 first atomic bomb is dropped on Hiroshima. Called Little Boy
- 71k dead and 68k injured
- Japan still refuses so Fat Man is dropped on Nagasaki. 35k jap killed and 60k injured
Short Term Effects: Radiation sickness, including death within a few days among the heavily exposed
Long Term Effects: Cancer, birth defects, keloids, anemia/other blood disorders, sterility, cataracts, children being mentally retarded deformities in children, menstrual irregularities, etc...
Road to War
1931 Japan invades Manchuria
1933 Hitler gains power
1935 – Oct. Italy invades Ethiopia
1936 – Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis formed
1936 – March Germany takes Rhineland
1938 – March Austria
1938 – Germany demands Sudetenland
1938 – Munich Agreement
1939 – Aug. Germany and Soviet Union sign pact
1939 - Sept. Germany Invades Poland
1939 Br + Fr declare war on Germany, then Canada later
Holocaust
1933- First concentration camp opens
Jewish people forbidden from owning land or running newspaper
1934 – President Hindenburg dies and Hitler declares himself President and Chancellor
1935- Law passed where women with hereditary diseases must have forced abortions
Jews lose German citizenship; marriages/sexual relationships between Jews & Aryans are forbidden
1936- SS established (responsibly for guarding concentration camps)
Germany takes over Rhineland
Jews lose right to participate in parliamentary elections
1942 – Massacre begins in Auschwitz (Zyklon B)
SS takes Jews stuff from concentration camps and cashes in
Jews can’t subscribe to magazines
Jewish homes must be identified with Star of David
Jew not allowed public transportation
Jewish school closed
Blind/deaf Jews must wear arm bands identifying their condition in traffic
Jews not allowed to buy meat, eggs, or milk
All Jews in concentration camps taken to main camp Auschwitz
1943 – Over 1 million killed by SS. Jews used as slave labours to dig up and burn bodies to remove all traces
Nazis order all Gypsies to be arrested and sent to extermination camps
Jews found guilty of crimes are sent to Auswitzh
Property of Jews taken after death
1944 – D: Day: Allies land in Normandy
Last times gas chambers in Auschwitz used. Hammer orders destruction of crematories at Auswitchz
1945 – Nazis know Allies are coming so they conduct Death Marches
Soviet troops liberate Auschwitz and War Saw
Hitler commits suicide
Germany surrenders unconditionally
Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal commences
Ghetto:a part of a city, esp. a slum area, occupied by a minority group or groups.
Judenrat: Councils of Jewish elders set up in each ghetto by the Germans
Ordnungdiest: Jewish police force
Go to Pg 165 of course pack
Japanese forced into camps because
- Pearl Harbour
- Japan takes over HK and kills Canadian troops there
- Government auctions off their belongs for a fraction of their value
- Camps were old ghost towns, deserted, no water/electricity & lived in very small huts and shacks
After war Hitler commits suicide and has himself burned and Nazis are prosecuted
Battles Canadians participated in
Canadians at Hong Kong 1941
240 Canadian soldiers are killed and 500 are wounded. Canadian lows & Canadians were taken in as POW’s and treated poorly and died. Their mission was to defend HK from Japanese invasion
The Dieppe Raid – August 19, 1942
Mission objective: quickly attack Germany who had taken over France. 1400 killed and 5000 wounded 2000 Canadians POW’s. Canadians did not arrive under darkness as planned and most Canadian soldiers died in this battle.
The Italian Campaign & Ortona – June 10, 1943
Canadians proved themselves in Italy (more prepared). Italy surrender Mussolini gets meat hooked and Germany sends troops to take control of Italy.
June 4th 1945 (I don’t think this is the right date)
Italy is liberated Canadian still won when Hitler sent in troops
D-Day, 1944
Canadians land on Juno Beach. 4000 Canadians participated in the battle. 1074 casualties including 359 deaths. Hitler is now fighting a war on the West & the East.
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