Business Exam Study Notes Grade 9
Terms
Storage: memory located inside the disks and memory cards
Switch: a network device allowing multiple network nodes to be interconnected
Client/server network: a computer network arrangement where a leader, the server, will be responsible for all the nodes in the network for communicating with each other. The server is often more powerful and larger than the nodes and is often processing information or helping the nodes communicate
Topology: the physical layout of the cables and the clients of a network. Bus topology and Star topology
WAN: Wide area network, often a network which connects computers throughout a vast geographical distance
Cache: A place where the computer stores temporary files for quick access by a processing unit
Data: raw, unprocessed information
Decode: to take the raw information and decode the information into an understandable material
Document: information input by users through an application software
Hardware: any physical components of the computer that you can touch
Plagiarism: the act of copying or using the ideas of another person’s work without proper referencing or permission
Processing: the act of manipulating the data into another form
Stand-Alone: a computer that is not connected within a network
The Net: common term referring to the internet where many computers around the world are connected together to share information
The Net: a movie starring Sandra Bullock which highlights the use and effects of abusing cyber crimes and cyber viruses
Wallpaper: a picture or a pattern used to cover or decorate a computer’s desktop
Modem: a device used to translate analog internet signals into computer-ready digital signals
Email: Electronic mail, in the form of sending messages on the internet sing cyber programs and interconnected computers
ICT: the range of technologies that are used for gathering, storing, retrieving, processing, and analyzing, and transmitting information
Peripheral Devices: physical hardware that is located outside of the computer and is used for controlling the input and output functionality of a computer
Wiki: a type of website that allows for users to freely add, edit, or remove content at the same time enabling collaboration
E-Commerce: the act of conducting trade such as stock exchange, banking or shopping over the internet
TCP-IP: Transmission control protocol, Internet Protocol, a set of rules that a computer uses to send packets of information across a network to another computer.
Wikipedia: a website comprised of encyclopedia articles where people can easily contribute their efforts and knowledge into the articles
Hypertext: a system that allows text based documents to be linked
Home Page: Index.html, the site a user hits once they contact the server
The web: a collection of millions of HTML documents all linked together
Hyperlinks: hypertext documents that link to other locations on the internet or on the server
Search engine: a tool designed to allow users to search the world wide web to look for HTML documents
Carpal tunnel syndrome: a distorter of the hand and wrist causing pain, weakness, and numbness; created by bad ergonomics when using the computer for prolonged periods. It is the compression of the carpal tunnel which causes stress on the nerves on the wrists.
Musculoskeletal injuries: ergonomic related injuries that occur when people perform the same tasks over and over, damaging nerves, muscles, tendons, and other tissues. Also called Repetitive Strain Injuries
Monitors: a visual output device that outputs an image that displays the output results on screen
Notebook Computer: a computer with a smaller form factor ideal for portability to move a computer around. Often includes a trackpad, keyboard, display, and many of the ports and hardware found in a traditional desktop computer
CPU: the main computer chip that processes instructions, calculates data, and manages the flow of information.
MS Word: a Microsoft application that allows for word processing and formatting of text documents
MS Excel: a Microsoft spreadsheets program that allows for the organization and processing of numerical data
MS Movie maker: a Microsoft application that allows for the collection of movie clips, sounds, and pictures and manipulation of them like adding transitions, effects, and titles to make a movie.
MS Publisher: a Microsoft application for combining pictures and text into a ready for print manner
MS Powerpoint: a Microsoft application for creating presentation slide shows with sound, pictures, text, shapes, and diagrams
PDA: Personal Digital Assistant, a small handheld device that helps users keep track of their calendar, mail, and other important information
Pivot Tables: a data summarization tool used for visualization of data found in most popular spreadsheet applications
Toolbar: A bar that has a set of buttons which allows for different tools or operations to be executed from
Gigabyte: GB, a unit of measuring storage capacity which is about 1 billion bytes
Megabyte: MB, a unit of measuring storage capacity which is about 1 million bytes
Terabyte: TB, a unit of measuring storage capacity which is about 1 trillion bytes
Software: a collection of computer programs that instructs that computer as to what to do
Web Server: a computer that hosts a website that is stored on its hard drive. Users can access the server using the internet
Mac: the operating platform developed by Apple
Bugs: Software flaws that lead to software malfunction or crashing of the software program
Desktop: the primary place where the user starts work on the computer
Screensaver: a flashing pattern that appears on screen when the computer is left on idle to prevent the display image from burning into the LCD
Phishing: an internet fraud where scammers attempt to collect personal information by sending false emails and falsely claiming it as a legit business
Firefox: a widely used internet browser application software
Web Page: a hyper text document placed on servers where visitors can visit the page through the internet
Cookie: a small file containing information about a user as the enter the site. It is sent back to the server every time the user logs onto the site again
Netiquette: the manner and etiquette of somebody on the internet
CTRL C, CTRL S, CTRL Z, CTRL X, CTRL V: Copy, save, undo, cut, paste respectively. Keyboard shortcuts used in Microsoft word to perform specific actions to a set of text
Address Bar: A field in a web browser where the user types in the domain name of the site they wish to visit
Downloading: The copying of information from one computer to another computer traveling through the internet or a network.
Hyper Text Markup Language: the language used to create and code websites that are hosted to the world using the internet
Internet: very large WAN connecting many computers together where they will share information to millions of internet users.
Protocol: a set of rules that a software must follow to transmit data across a network
Uploading: the act of sending information from your computer to a server or another computer on a network
Web Browser: Application software that is used to render HTML code into visual web pages
WWW: the collection of web pages on the internet in millions of linked computers so that can easily be accessed by people on the internet
Citations: a reference to materials used within someone’s work which refers to the identity of the creator and of the document used
Font Sizes: Size of fonts of text inside a document
Font Styles: Styles of fonts that allows for the decoration of text in a document
Page orientation: the orientation or direction of a facing page as it is being processed.
Landscape/Portrait: types of page orientations, on its side, and up right respectively
Line spacing: the amount of space between each line of text within a document
Full Block Letter: the justification of paragraphs and sentences within a document where both sides are vertically lined up
Inside Address: address of recipient
Introduction: a small summary and opening paragraph to what the report or content is going to be about
References: same as citation, to give the identity of other people’s documents and author’s identities if they are used without special permission in your own work
Resume: a list of all achievements, experiences, skills, education, and personal information which is presented to the employer if for a job
Semi-block letter: only one side of the document is lined up vertically (left)
Block letter: all the paragraphs are aligned onto the left side vertically
Bibliography: a section in a report where references of usage of other’s work is presented
Attachments: extra documents or files that are send along with an email
Cell: units of locations where values can be written into
Formulas: instructions that tells the computer how to process the data in a spreadsheet and what and where to output the result
Spreadsheet: electronic worksheet that allows users to make calculations on the data in rows or columns
Subject Line: a sentence which summarizes the entire letter
Table of content: a table where all the information within a report is shown and page numbers are presented
Title Page: a covering of a report that consists of critical information such as titles, dates, authors as well as graphics that allows the reader to get an idea of what it is about.
Date Line: the line of a letter where the date is written
Curriculum Vitae: used by educational professionals, a list of works, experiences, and skills that also include academic works which is used to present to an academic employer
Carbon Copy: a notation in a letter that indicates other receivers of the letter
Soft copy: an electronic version of a hard document
Input: when the computer collects data containing information that tells the computer what to do
Processing: when the computer interprets and manipulates that data into a different form. Usually adding, subtracting, or changing the piece of information entirely
Output: when the computer displays the processed information to the user
CPU: Processes the information fed in and produces output data
Fetch-the CPU collects the information and stores the information into a special memory cache
Decode- the CPU interprets the instruction in the decode cache which determines what operation the CPU should perform
Execute-the CPU processes and executes the instructions and sends the results to the proper places
Store-The CPU sends the results to memory to be later retained.
URL:
http – protocol defined, in this case, it is the hypertext transfer protoco
www – server defined, tells the computer which server to go to and find the documents nessesary
Domain Name – second level domain name, mywebaddress, that defines a name for the website which will later be converted to numbers.
First/top level domain name, .com, defines the type of address it is.
Path- a resource path that locates the exact location of that file on the server.
How it works
- information gets broken up into many pieces then brought into the internet
- TCP/IP packages them into TCP packets and checks with the DNS server to give each packet a destination which is the IP address of the final location
- Packets moved onto the LAN
- Router redirects then to the router switch
- The router switch determines which packet goes towards the internet
- The Proxy server inspects the packets, stopping and destroying any packets that do not meet the rules
- A firewall screens the information, making sure that it isn’t malicious
- The packet heads onto the internet and moves on its way towards its destination – another router directs it to its appropriate path
- The packet reaches the server and enters the firewall
- Proxy then checks it again
- Enters the router switch and into the correct port
- Into the router
- And into the computer to be unpacked, put together, and processed.
Word Art: It allows users to create stylized text with various "special effects" such as textures, outlines, and many other manipulations that are not available through the standard font formatting.
Clip Art: refers to pre-made images used to illustrate any medium.
-Memorandum letters
-Quick letters used to communicate information among employees.
-Written concisely and more personal and informal than letters
-RE: (is the subject, summarized in one sentence)
-Report writing
-used to provide detailed information to aid decision making in different business
-Title Page –title, author’s name, organization of author, date, organization given
-Table of content – list of each heading in the report with page numbers
-List of illustrations – A list containing an index of images found in the report
-Report Text
-Introduction: Purpose, scope, sources, authorization
-Body: logical progression of ideas, walking the reader through the report
-Conclusions and recommendations: conclusions from the report as well as a bottom line, recommendation, which summarizes the entire report into a sentence so the reader will immediately understand what the report was meant for.
-References – listing of specific sources of your information
-Proofreading methods and marks
-Step one: Quick scan: for large errors such as bad heading, bad address…
-Step two: The particular part: spelling, grammar, and accuracy of information
-Step three: Re-read: re-read the document for any missed out mistakes
-1) Comparison method: compare original and work for accuracy. Trace lines using a ruler
-2) Ruler method: using a ruler to keep track of the line, scan line by line and correcting errors as you see them
-3) Buddy system: One with original and other with work. Take turns reading out loud and compare each other’s documents.
-4) Terminal Method: Briefly proofread the document on screen and create a hard copy to edit further carefully
-Parts of a business letter
-Letterhead – assuming including return address
-Date
-Inside address – address of recipient
-Salutation – (Dear Alex)
-Subject line – one sentence that summarizes the entire letter
-Body
-Complimentary Closing – Ends your letter
-Writers Identification – name of the writter
-Identification initials –show the typist and writer in initials WRITTER:typist
-Enclosure notation – Anything included with the letter will be listed here
-Copy notation – Indicates copies of the letter send and their recipients. BCC recipients will not be shown but BCC will get to see all other.